Marie Curie is the only scientist in history to be awarded Nobel prizes in two different categories: she was awarded her first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 for her work on radiation, and a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2011 for her discovery and work on radium and polonium. Marie Curie is the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different sciences. When you donate your body to science, it can be used as a crash test dummy, a cadaver for medical training, a specimen for forensic research, or a donor for organ transplants. The green colour of the aurora borealis, or northern lights, is caused by solar wind particles colliding with oxygen atoms in the earth’s atmosphere.Science has many uses for donated bodies.300 million years ago when oxygen levels were higher, insects grew bigger.This causes tiny bubbles in the blood which can be painful and sometimes deadly. Too much oxygen is however bad for us and causes a condition called the bends which is a particular problem for astronauts and scuba divers.Tanks of oxygen are also used to treat those with breathing problems and as life support for astronauts and scuba divers. It is also used for smelting metal from ore, to filter water, for making plastic, and creating rocket fuel. It is most commonly used in the manufacture of steel. The name oxygen was first used by French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier in 1777 and comes from the Greek word oxygenes which means acid producer.However, he didn’t publish his results right away until after British chemist Joseph Priestley published his discovery of oxygen in 1774. Oxygen was discovered in 1771 by Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.It protects the Earth from the sun’s harmful rays by filtering UV light. Ozone O3 forms the ozone layer in the Earth’s upper atmosphere. Ozone O3 is a different form of oxygen that combines three oxygen atoms together to create trioxygen. Oxygen also exists as the allotrope, ozone.Most oxygen on Earth comes from tiny ocean plants called phytoplankton. Oxygen found in the air is produced by photosynthesis - without plants there would be little oxygen in the air. This role is carried out through the oxygen cycle which is the movement of oxygen between air, living things, and the Earth’s crust. Oxygen plays an important role in life on Earth.Oxygen is also the third most abundant element in the universe and the most abundant element in the human body, making up 65% of the body’s mass. It makes up around 50% of the Earth’s crust, making it the most common element in the Earth. Oxygen makes up around 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere.It is found in the air we breathe and the water we drink (as H2O). Animals and plants require it for respiration. Oxygen is essential to human life and is needed by most lifeforms on Earth to survive.Fresh water contains about 6.04 mL of oxygen per litre, whereas seawater contains approximately 4.95 mL of oxygen per litre. Liquid oxygen is pale blue in colour and magnetic.Oxygen supports combustion and is required for fire, but itself does not burn and is not flammable.The process of oxygen combining with other atoms to make compounds is called oxidation. However, the only two elements it does not form a compound with are helium and neon. Oxygen is a very reactive element that likes to bind with other elements and easily forms compounds such as oxides.O-18 is the most abundant isotope of oxygen, with an occurrence of 99.762%. Oxygen is made of three stable isotopes: O-16, O-17, and O-18.It has a melting point of -218.79℃ and boiling point of -182.95℃. Under standard conditions, oxygen is a gas at room temperature.At normal pressure and temperature, oxygen is composed of two oxygen atoms which join to form dioxygen (O2), a colourless, tasteless, odourless gas.It has an atomic weight of 15.999 and a density of 1.429g/L. Oxygen is classified as a gas and nonmetal and is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table.Oxygen is an element with the chemical symbol O and atomic number 8.We need this vital element to survive, but how much do actually you know about oxygen? Test your knowledge with these 20 fascinating and fun science facts.
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